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Sechs Fehler bei der CO₂-Bilanzierung & wie Sie sie vermeiden
Zum Inhalt springen Home » Insights » Artikel » Sechs häufige Fehler bei der Datenerfassung in der CO₂-Bilanzierung 23 April 2025
Sechs häufige Fehler bei der Datenerfassung in der CO₂-Bilanzierung Eine präzise CO₂-Bilanzierung (engl. Carbon Accounting) ist für die Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung entscheidend. Viele Unternehmen machen immer wieder typische Fehler, die ihre THG-Emissionsdaten verfälschen. Von der falschen Klassifizierung von Daten, inkonsistenten Emissionsfaktoren bis hin zu Lücken in der Lieferantenbeteiligung – hier sind sechs typische Fehler, die Sie leicht vermeiden können, um Ihre Daten glaubwürdiger und konformer zu erfassen.
1. Falsche Klassifizierung von Primär- und Sekundärdaten Einer der größten Fehler in der CO₂-Bilanzierung ist die falsche Zuordnung von Primär- und Sekundärdaten. Dies beeinflusst die Genauigkeit der Emissionsberechnungen, insbesondere bei der Berichterstattung zu Scope 3.
Was ist der Unterschied? Primärdaten : Stammen direkt aus Ihren Betriebsabläufen oder von Ihren Lieferanten. Beispiele sind Verbrauchsprotokolle für Treibstoff vor Ort, Stromrechnungen und lieferantenspezifische Emissionsfaktoren.Sekundärdaten : Basieren auf branchenspezifischen Durchschnittswerten, Regierungsberichten oder Emissionsdatenbanken wie DEFRA, Ecoinvent und Exiobase. Sie decken ein breites Spektrum ab, mangeln jedoch an unternehmensspezifischer Genauigkeit.Warum ist das wichtig? Die Verwendung des falschen Datentyps kann Emissionen über- oder unterbewerten. Zum Beispiel kann ein Stahlhersteller Rohmaterial von zwei Lieferanten beziehen – einem, der zu 100 % erneuerbare Energie nutzt, und einem anderen, der auf kohlenstoffbasierte Energie setzt. Wenn beiden der gleiche Emissionsfaktor auf Basis des Branchendurchschnitts zugewiesen wird, sind die Ergebnisse ungenau.
So wird der Fehler vermieden ✔ Priorisieren Sie nach Möglichkeit Primärdaten für Scope 1 und Scope 2. ✔ Für Scope 3 geben Sie an, welcher Prozentsatz der Emissionen mit Sekundärdaten berechnet wurde (gemäß der ESRS E1-6 Empfehlungen). ✔ Dokumentieren Sie klar die Datenquellen und entsprechenden Gründe in den Berichten. ✔ Downloaden Sie unsere umfassende Liste der Datentypen für die CO₂-Bilanzierung
2. Die Überschätzung der Datengenauigkeit Viele Unternehmen gehen davon aus, dass ihre Emissionsdaten äußerst präzise sind. Dies ist jedoch selten der Fall – insbesondere, wenn auf sekundäre Daten oder allgemeine Emissionsfaktoren zurückgegriffen wird.
Wie kommt es zu einer Überschätzung? Der Branchendurchschnitt verschleiert Unregelmäßigkeiten – Eine Fabrik in Schweden, die mit Wasserkraft betrieben wird, hat einen anderen CO₂-Fußabdruck als eine vergleichbare Fabrik in Deutschland, die Strom aus kohlenstoffbasierten Quellen nutzt – selbst wenn beide derselben Branche angehören.Scope 3 Emissionsfaktoren können irreführend sein – Viele erworbene Waren und Dienstleistungen verwenden globale Durchschnittsfaktoren oder ausgabenbasierte Faktoren, die die lieferantenspezifischen Leistungen in Bezug auf Nachhaltigkeit nicht widerspiegeln.Die Lösung ✔ Wenn möglich, verwenden Sie lieferantenspezifische Daten. ✔ Machen Sie bei Verwendung von Sekundärdaten die Einschränkungen in Ihren Angaben deutlich. ✔ Führen Sie Qualitätskontrollen durch, um Ausreißer oder ungewöhnliche Trends zu validieren.
3. Mangelnde Einbeziehung der Lieferanten für Scope 3 Daten Scope-3-Emissionen machen den Großteil des CO₂-Fußabdrucks der meisten Unternehmen aus. Dennoch sind sie am schwierigsten zu messen, da sie von Daten abhängen, die von Lieferanten bereitgestellt werden.
Warum die Daten von Lieferanten wichtig sind Abhängig von den Lieferanten variieren Emissionen aus erworbenen Waren, Logistik und Geschäftsreisen stark. Sich ausschließlich auf Sekundärdaten zu verlassen, verringert die Glaubwürdigkeit in regulatorischen Meldungen. So werden Lieferanten effektiv einbezogen ✔ Führen Sie Programme für Lieferanten ein, die Anreize für genaue Emissionsdaten schaffen. ✔ Standardisieren Sie Berichtsvorlagen, um Konsistenz zu gewährleisten. ✔ Nutzen Sie automatisierte Tools , um Echtzeit-Emissionsdaten von Lieferanten zu erfassen.
4. Die Verwendung inkonsistenter Emissionsfaktoren Emissionsfaktoren wandeln Aktivitätsdaten in CO₂-Äquivalente um. Verschiedene Datenbanken wie das IPCC, DEFRA oder Ecoinvent verwenden jedoch unterschiedliche Methoden, was zu Abweichungen in den Ergebnissen führen kann.
Warum variieren Emissionsfaktoren? Verschiedene Organisationen führen Datenbanken mit Emissionsfaktoren. Einige der am häufigsten genutzten Quellen sind:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) – Globale Emissionsfaktoren basierend auf wissenschaftlicher Forschung, die häufig im Rahmen regulatorischer Compliance verwendet werden.UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) – Emissionsfaktoren, die auf britische und internationale Organisationen zugeschnitten sind.US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Branchenspezifische Emissionsfaktoren für die Emissionsberichterstattung in den USA.Ecoinvent, Exiobase und andere Life-Cycle-Datenbanken – Produktspezifische Emissionsfaktoren, die häufig in Scope 3 Berechnungen verwendet werden.Da jede Quelle Daten unterschiedlich sammelt, ermittelt und aktualisiert, kann die Nutzung mehrerer Quellen ohne eine einheitliche Standardisierung die Emissionsberichterstattung verzerren.
Häufige Fehler bei Emissionsfaktoren Die Verwendung von globalen statt regionalen Faktoren – Ein Unternehmen, das in Norwegen tätig ist (wo der Netzstrom überwiegend aus erneuerbaren Quellen stammt), sollte keinen globalen Emissionsdurchschnitt verwenden, da dieser durch kohlenstoffintensive Regionen verzerrt sein könnte.Die Verwendung veralteter Daten – Emissionsfaktoren werden in Datenbanken wie DEFRA und EPA jährlich aktualisiert. Einen alten Datensatz anzuwenden, kann zu ungenauen Emissionsschätzungen führen.Die Auswahl allgemeiner statt verfahrensspezifischer Faktoren – Manche Branchen benötigen detaillierte Emissionsfaktoren, die auf spezifischen Produktionsverfahren basieren. Die Verwendung eines allgemeinen branchenweiten Durchschnittsfaktors kann die tatsächlichen Emissionen über- oder unterschätzen.So sorgen Sie für Genauigkeit ✔ Standardisieren Sie Emissionsfaktoren über Berichtszyklen hinweg, um Konsistenz zu gewährleisten. ✔ Nutzen Sie die neueste Version offizieller Datensätze, um aktuelle Energiemischungen und Branchentrends abzubilden. ✔ Priorisieren Sie, wenn verfügbar, regionale und lieferantenspezifische Emissionsfaktoren, anstatt sich ausschließlich auf globale Durchschnittswerte zu stützen. ✔ Dokumentieren Sie die Quellen der verwendeten Emissionsfaktoren in den Nachhaltigkeitsberichten für mehr Transparenz.
5. Die Vernachlässigung standortbasierter vs. marktbasierter Scope-2-Berichterstattung Scope-2-Emissionen werden sowohl mit standortbasierten als auch mit marktbasierten Methoden berechnet:
Standortbasiert : Verwendet die durchschnittlichen Emissionen des Stromnetzes (z. B. EU-Strommix).Marktbasiert : Verwendet lieferantenspezifische Verträge (z. B. Vereinbarungen zum Kauf erneuerbarer Energien).Warum ist das wichtig? Viele Unternehmen nutzen nur eine Methode für die Berichterstattung anstatt beider. Dies führt zu Unstimmigkeiten, insbesondere bei Unternehmen, die erneuerbaren Strom einkaufen.
Wie es besser geht ✔ Berichten Sie sowohl die standortbasierten als auch die marktbasierten Emissionen gemäß der Anleitung für das Treibhausgasprotokoll für Scope 2. ✔ Stellen Sie sicher, dass gekaufte erneuerbare Energie den vertraglichen Qualitätsstandards entspricht.
6. Unregelmäßiges Überprüfen der Daten Viele Fehler in der CO₂-Bilanzierung entstehen durch unzureichende Datenvalidierung. Selbst automatisierte Systeme erfordern manuelle Checks.
Häufige Fehler bei der Validierung Die Verwendung von Daten aus einer einzigen Quelle ohne Gegenprüfung. Die Vernachlässigung von Audit Trails für emissionsintensive Quellen. Keine Aktualisierung der Methoden entsprechend den sich entwickelnden Berichterstattungsstandards. Best Practices ✔ Führen Sie quartalsweise Datenprüfungen mit Ihren Finanz- und Nachhaltigkeitsteams durch. ✔ Nutzen Sie Drittanbieter-Verifizierung für die wichtigsten Emissionsdaten. ✔ Richten Sie automatische Checks der Datenkonsistenz in Ihrer Reporting-Software ein.
„Position Green liefert uns zuverlässige, qualitativ hochwertige Daten, die wir mit unseren Interessenträgern teilen können.“
Ida Ljungkvist – Group Sustainability Director bei Scandi Standard
Zusammenfassung Die Vermeidung dieser häufigen Fehler in der CO₂-Bilanzierung verbessert die Glaubwürdigkeit, Genauigkeit und Audit-Bereitschaft Ihrer Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung.
Priorisieren Sie Primärdaten für die wichtigsten Kategorien.Beziehen Sie Lieferanten ein für Scope 3 Transparenz.Validieren und standardisieren Sie Datenquellen regelmäßig.Möchten Sie Ihre CO₂-Bilanzierung weiter optimieren? Sprechen Sie mit einem unserer Experten über unsere CO₂-Bilanzierungslösung und erfahren Sie, wie Sie die Genauigkeit Ihrer Daten verbessern und sicherstellen können, dass Sie Ihre Emissionsfaktoren stets effizient berechnen.
Demo Buchen Lisa Rylander
Climate Analyst
Position Green
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